Meteorological drought analysis with different indices for the Betwa River basin, India

Climate change is adversely affecting the development, management, and planning of surface groundwater resources. The meteorological drought becomes a severe natural problem, it can occur in any climatic region world. Thus, monitoring minimizing crucial for analyzing predicting impacts. considered basin or region-specific since atmospheric conditions are highly variable from to region. However, agricultural links various characteristics hydrological impacts focusing on deficit, soil moisture etc. A single index cannot assess each aspect drought. In this study, we seven indices such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), China Z (CZI), Modified (MCZI), Percent Normal Drought (PNI), Deciles (DI), Rainfall Anomaly (RAI), Z-score (ZSI). was analyzed 3, 6, 9, 12 months’ time step, classification threshold values were estimated. SPI showed maximum correlation (0.389, 0.412, 0.560, 0.996) month steps compared other indices. value increased with increase step all indices; therefore, accuracy assessment also increases an step. Mann–Kendall’s trend test at 5% significance level assessments. magnitude severity Betwa River estimated based data (Rainfall) 1970 2014.